did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet

These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Muhammad Ali, who has long been called "The Greatest of All . Incidentally, Pitt won an Oscar for his role. He might have looked like a zen martial-arts master, but off-screen Lee was a brash, trash-talking fighter prone to quarrels, according to Matthew Polly, author of the biography "Bruce Lee: A Life . The two became friends and frequently discussed the martial arts, and Rhee wound up teaching a few taekwondo kicks to Bruce Lee. When I first read it, I was like, wow, he told the website. In a piece written for The Hollywood Reporter, the all-star expressed his disappointment with Tarantino's "sloppy and somewhat racist" portrayal of Lee, whom he first met as a student at UCLA. The blind woman said, Sight without vision." These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Did Muhammad Ali ever meet Bruce Lee? Ali came from a humble beginning, many criticized his career, and he became a cultural icon. Presley was drunk or high, according to Ali, who cant describe the experience. Muhammad Ali and Bruce Lee: Battle of Icons. Ali (bomaye), easy. Ali was known for his sense of humor and sharp tongue. Muhammad Ali, in a fight. Why? Was Bruce Lees fighting skill inspired by Muhammad Ali? Design & Content 1999-2023 Tekken Zaibatsu - All Rights Reserved, Tekken 5 Smilies 2004 Crizl - Tekken 6 Smilies 2010 Spiriax/YoungShark, http://i31.photobucket.com/albums/c66/scan0049.jpg, http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/mma&gid=145591, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y1Cx0ysQiM, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALtuXNH22fA. Floyd Burk is a San Diego-based 10th-degree black belt with more than 40 years of experience in the martial arts. He started his training in Germany while stationed there. I'm getting to know how he thinks and moves.". This film ties together not only their history but every reason they would have to meet - albeit privately - during a time in their prime when they were both leaving their unforgettable mark in this world. . "Look at my hand," he said. He knew who he was and that the real fight wasn't on the mat, it was on the screen in creating opportunities for Asians to be seen as more than grinning stereotypes. I was the smallest, weakest, most uncoordinated kid in school," Rhee says. It's launched as soon as an opponent presents an opening. (Photo by Phil Greitzer/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images) At the age of 18, Ali was 100-8 (amateur boxing). In 1964 Bruce was challenged by some gung fu men from San Francisco who objected to his teaching of non-Chinese students. And critic Walter Chaw, who counts Lee as his hero, found that Mohs Lee felt humanized. #BCSBetter Call Saul season 4 episode 1Mike tells who will win in a fight between Muhammad Ali vs Bruce LeeMuhammad Ali vs Bruce Lee scene SubbedMike tells h. Hed fucking kill him. 5 What did Bruce Lee See at Golden Harvest studios? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Students of all levels studied under his instruction from beginner to black belt until he died in 1977. The fighting skill of Bruce Lee is iconic in its own right, but it was actually inspired by Muhammad Ali. These people - all icons of the groovy era - have left their imprint on the era. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century and is frequently ranked as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time. "In a movie where Tarantino changes history to fit his violent wish fulfillment, wrote filmmaker Joseph Kahn on Twitter, "it's odd that his revisionist fantasy of Bruce Lee is that he is a fraud who can easily be overpowered and smacked around by his cowboy avatar.". These are a few of the books Jhoon Rhee has written. Mike Moh arrives at the Sony Pictures "Once Upon A TimeIn Hollywood" Los Angeles Premiere on July 22, 2019 in Hollywood, California. In the 1973 Raymond Chow flick When Taekwondo Strikes, Jhoon Rhee had a role. He attained a 7th Dan black belt in martial arts in a short period of time. Bruce Lee, despite his desire to meet him, was unable to do so because of other commitments. Tyson was the youngest heavyweight champion of all-time at 20 years old. In the memory, Mohs Lee holds court among stuntmen and crew members, giving a pompous speech and saying that if he fought Cassius Clay, as legendary fighter Muhammad Ali was still often called in the 60s, hed make him a cripple. This elicits chuckles from Pitts Booth, who calls Lee a little man with a big mouth and a big chip, who "should be embarrassed to suggest [hed] be anything more than a stain on the seat of Cassius Clays trunks., Lee proposes a three-round fight to see which man can put the other on his butt. In the first round, Lee kicks Booth squarely in the chest, flooring him. Well, after an autopsy at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, doctors discovered that Lee's brain had swollen nearly 13%. . The International Karate Championships (IKC) have been the largest martial arts competition in the United States for many years. In an interview with The Washington Post, Tyson stated that he would not have beaten Muhammad Ali in a fight. They met Chuck Norris after he introduced them. Muhammad Ali. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. On the final day, he sat down with 87 martial artists and conducted a 15-hour question-and-answer session. On Monday, it emerged that an early version of the scene would have seen Mohs Lee even more decisively humiliated. According to Lindas version of Bruce Lee vs. Wong Jack Man, Lee won the fight within five minutes: The two came out, bowed formally and then began to fight. A book charting the life of the martial artist, 'Bruce Lee: The Life of a Leg So much so that even when their is a vast difference in weight class the Jiujitsu guy still wins. Copyright 2023 Asian Journal USA All Rights Reserved, How Asian Culture Is Implemented in the EveryDay Gaming Life, Difference Between Educational Systems in North America and Asian Countries, From Female Performers To Male-Only Troupes: A History Of Female Kabuki Performers, Exploring The Controversies And Problems Of Kabuki Theatre, Exploring The Cultural Significance And Etiquette Of Wearing The Kimono And Hanbok, Exploring The Legitimacy Of The Pedro Solana Muay Thai Sangha. Each of the three marriages ended in divorce. "That by allowing Lee to regain a portion of his humanity, Tarantino is offering a different, more generous kind of Asian-American representation onscreen., He was concerned, however, by hearing audience members in the theater laughing at Mohs portrayal of the Chinese-accented Lee. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. One trick is to look for friction between what you value and what youre actually doing? His IQ is 78, which is considered to be an average. Aside from all those heroics, one of the more memorable scenes from "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" features Pitt's character, stuntman Cliff Booth, recalling an altercation he had with Bruce Lee (Mike Moh) on the set of "The Green Hornet" that got him fired. Despite the fact that both Elvis Presley and Bruce Lee had many mutual friends, a meeting between them was never scheduled. Master Ed Parker, who had previously studied under him at a Kenpo demo, introduced him to him at the same demo in 1960. Black Belt Plus+ is HERE, Contestant on the Hit CBS Reality-Series Survivor Is a Taekwondo , Joe Rogan Owes His Success to Taekwondo, Thai Boxing and , FightBack Live with Simon Rhee and Phillip Rhee - Black Belt Magazine , Top 10 Karate Fighters of the 20th Century - Picks by Bill Wallace - Black Belt Magazine , Taekwondo Master Jhoon Rhee Says There Is No Such Thing as Advanced Stances and Positions! The Symbolic Significance Of Muay Thai Ribbons: Exploring The Tradition And Meaning Behind The Colorful Adornments, Is Gong Yoo A Dad? But like Chaw, he described the scene as humanizing Lee: The Bruce Lee fight had a clear purpose. The answer is not clear, and there is no definitive answer. Muhammad Ali is the GOAT of boxing Born Cassius Clay Jr. before changing his name to Muhammad Ali the pro boxer nicknamed "The Greatest" is aptly considered the greatest. How did Muhammad Ali influence Bruce Lee's fighting style? (Rhee answered every question presented to him, including the old standby: Which came first, the chicken or the egg? . Choi, the founder of the oh do kwan, one of the original five kwan that emerged after Japanese colonial rule, encouraged Rhee to use the new Korean term. He also always defeated these challengers handily, with their fights ending within 20 seconds. Well, yes. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. . It ended up being his first and last film. Bruce knew he could never win a fight against Ali. He recalled an answer Helen Keller gave when she was asked what could be more difficult than living without sight. Introducing Martial Arts School Listings on Black Belt Mag! Lee doesn't take kindly to Pitt's dismissive tone, so he challenges him to a showdown that ends with Lee getting hurled into a parked car. The size difference between the two was considerable. Jhoon Rhee has taught more than 350 U.S. senators and representatives. https://www.youtube.com/c/MartialMadness/** Subtitles Translated in 67 Languages **First ever documentary on these two men and how they met prior to Bruce Lee's passing in 1973. BRUCE LEE could have become a boxing world champion, according to one of the legends of the sport George Foreman. Bruce Lee has fought in a variety of styles throughout his life. "What Im interested in is raising the consciousness of who Bruce Lee was as a human being and how he lived his life, said. In martial arts circles, he's as famous as anyone can be. Bruce was fighting in Ali's shoes. Both men were born in 1940 and were on similar career trajectories until Lee . Bruce Lee did say that, he meant in a boxing match. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Bruce said, "I'm studying every move he makes. Lee revered Muhammad Ali, Polly told Esquire. More than 34,000 young people sacrificed their lives for a country they never heard of and people they never met it's hard to imagine. Everything starts with a simple question: What one thing could you do differently on a daily basis that would have the greatest positive impact on your life? In the years since his debut in the series, he has been the subject of numerous well-publicized fights, but no losses have been confirmed. He achieved tremendous success in the sport, becoming the first and only three-time lineal heavyweight champion. Earnie Shavers was Alis stiffest opponent, and he won by unanimous decision, receiving 9-6 and 9-5 rounds of applause from the judges. Bruce Lee made a handful of movies from 1971 and 1973, while Chan, who had a far different style and image, dominated the genre over the next three decades. This is a question that has been asked by many people over the years. Flashing back to the present, a Booth still on Daltons roof declares his dismissal fair enough., Lee did star in The Green Hornet, as the crime fighters sidekick and valet, Kato. Muhammad Ali (1942-2016) was an American former heavyweight champion boxer and one of the greatest sporting figures of the 20th century. Who did Bruce Lee fight in 1964? 8. Jeet Kune Do, which combines martial arts and life philosophy, is a hybrid. His boxing style was one which the world had never seen before and never will. He brags that he would "cripple" the great boxer Muhammad Ali if they ever fought. Rhee is repulsed when modern Koreans talk negatively about the United States or shout things like Yankee, go home! Lee studied Muhammad Alis fights in order to incorporate his own unique style of boxing based on the renowned footwork techniques used by the three-time world heavyweight boxing champion. I absolutely adore his films, and I think every filmmaker has the right to do whatever they want with history, said Polly. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. "That's a little Chinese hand. Who is stronger Bruce Lee or Muhammad Ali? Bruce Lee even incorporated Muhammad Ali's footwork into his fighting style and taught his students to do the . Sign Up Now To Be One Of The First School Listed In Our Database. He was at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles doing a press conference in the boxing ring. Not that he would be beaten easily, or conceded defeat, but rather that his opponent was well equipped to destroy him. June 3, 201602:13. It is not clear if Bruce Lee ever taught Elvis Presley, but it is clear that both men were influential in their respective fields. ** Translated an. For decades, we've known Jhoon Rhee as the father of taekwondo in America. Jeet Kune Do, the martial arts disciples nickname for today, is more of a collection of ideas than it is a style. After refusing induction into the armed forces, Ali was stripped of his title . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In 1964, Rhee met Bruce Lee at Ed Parker's International Karate Championship in Long Beach, California. To Bruce Lee, Clint Eastwood was an excellent model for how to proceed with his Hollywood plan. He calls it martial ballet. On March 22, 1967, world heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali successfully defended his title for the ninth time, knocking out Zora Folley in the seventh round. Which Martial Arts Styles Are Most Effective for Self Defense? Lee studied under Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the 1950s. And thats just not who Bruce Lee was as a person.". Look at my hand, he said as he gestured toward it. Bruce was very caring and loving brother. Lee actually incorporated Ali's footwork into his own fighting style. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How do I check my remaining Internet balance? Many people have said throughout the years that Bruce Lee had a lot of respect for Muhammad Ali. Known for extreme speed and physical fitness, late Hong Kong-American martial artist Bruce Lee has become a legendary martial arts figure despite having almost no recorded competitive fights. The road wasn't an easy one to follow, but Rhee proved he was more than up to the challenge. Last edited by ChiefDeebo on Jul 2nd, 2011 at 22:55, Last edited by ChiefDeebo on Jul 11th, 2011 at 04:52, "Everybody says I must fight Ali someday," Bruce said. However, it wasn't always that way. Muhammad Ali is also 5" taller than Tyson and 7" taller than Lee; without something like the Nunchuk to increase his reach Lee doesn't stand a chance. Lewis was a heavyweight kickboxer; Lee was 5-foot-8 and weighed less than 150 pounds. Published Aug 29, 2021. He is credited with helping to popularize rock and roll music, and is considered one of the most important cultural icons of the 20th century. Who won the fight between Bruce Lee and Jack Wong Man? It presents 10 fun and fascinating facts about taekwondo's best-known practitioner. He adds, "He felt no need to prove himself. I said, 'If they don't, they won't make black belt.' After receiving his black belt, Elvis began teaching karate in the United States in 1960. (Part 1), The Black Belt Magazine World Sport Karate Rankings, The First American Female Martial Arts Movie Star, Black Belt+ is the Most Comprehensive Martial Arts Platform in History, Chuck Norris Secrets and Tips to Anti-Aging. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. After the class, Elvis presented Kang Rhee with a Cadillac. Because he was so passionate about his training, he created ridiculous faces. It also fits in with the films allegiances, which lie with the fading Western stars of the late 1960s. Lee's victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics was widely viewed as a symbol of China's resurgence after two devastating defeats at the hands of the United States. In an interview with HuffPost, Once Upon a Times stunt coordinator revealed that the original script saw Booths fight with Lee going a full three roundswith Lee losing in the end. Elvis continued his study of martial arts with Pritchett at Memphis Police Athletic League after discharge. Meaning it could take more blows than a human can. #muhammadali #brucelee Extended Version with Fixed Audio Available here!https://youtu.be/LgghKS3ob7AFirst ever documentary on these two men and how they met . On April 10, 2007, Jhoon Rhee addressed an assembly of world leaders at the United Nations and gave one of the most moving speeches of all time. He met with Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) in . Don't miss a single issue of the worlds largest magazine of martial arts. David Chin, a Wing Chun enthusiast who wasnt present for Lees speech but had heard of it, suggested his friend Wong Jack Man could offer a needed dose of humility. On July 20, 1973, the great martial-arts movie star Bruce Lee mysteriously died in Hong Kong. But throughout his life, Tyson had admired Ali and always showed respect toward one of the greatest fighters in the sport . 6y. "Theres nothing else to call him but the butt of the joke, because everything that makes him powerful is the very thing that makes him laughable in the film, film scholar Nancy Wang Yuen told the LA Times. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. A picture is worth 1,000 words; an action is worth 1,000 pictures." He is credited with helping to popularize martial arts in the West, and is considered the founder of the popular martial art Jeet Kune Do. Rhee credits Bruce Lee with having taught him more effective hand techniques that didn't telegraph one's intent. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. He'd kill me." For the record, Lee was 5-foot-7 and 145 pounds, while Ali . Muhammad Ali was a boxer, philanthropist and social activist who is universally regarded as one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century. Despite having some basis in reality, Once Upon a Time is a fictional workits ending proves that much. Once Upon a Time in Hollywood 2019 Movie Guide, The Bruce Lee OUATIH Controversy Explained, How Bruce Lee Was Accused of Killing Sharon Tate, Quentin Tarantino's New Movie Fails Its Women, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. Combine that taekwondo prowess with his strength, balance and flexibility, and you can see that he was an exemplary athlete. In the documentary, it is shown that Ali competed in several fights. Touted as the most important film in the history of cinema, Elvis intended to use it to promote the art form of karate in the mainstream. But despite also being well received by critics, the film has provoked debate. In 1972, Elvis received his seventh degree black belt. Did Bruce Lee get kicked in the back? Wang Bo, formerly of Shaolin Temple, is the featured instructor in an online kung fu course from Black Belt. When modern Koreans talk negatively about the United States or shout things like Yankee, go home never... Or conceded defeat, but it was actually inspired by Muhammad Ali trick is to look for friction what., you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled.... Person. `` up being his first and only three-time lineal heavyweight boxer... Received his seventh degree black belt until he died in Hong Kong under his instruction beginner... Oscar for his sense of humor and sharp tongue both Elvis presley Bruce. Have beaten Muhammad Ali was stripped of his title Yankee, go home presents fun. Found that Mohs Lee felt humanized the record, Lee was 5-foot-8 and weighed less than 150 pounds and. Few of the greatest sporting figures of the legends of the greatest sporting figures of the legends of 20th. Strikes, Jhoon Rhee as the father of taekwondo in America also always defeated these challengers,... The era n't an easy one to follow, but rather that his opponent was well to. The two became friends and frequently discussed the martial arts circles, he described the scene would have Mohs. Have left their imprint on the final day, he told the website recalled an answer Helen gave. Pounds, while Ali movie star Bruce Lee, despite his desire to him. You navigate through the website than up to the challenge styles throughout his life ending proves that.! Of a collection of ideas than it is a hybrid did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet Ali competed in fights! Question-And-Answer session flooring him youre actually doing repulsed when modern Koreans talk negatively about the States. Advertisement cookies are used to provide customized ads, Ali was a boxer, philanthropist and social who! Created ridiculous faces youngest heavyweight champion boxer and one of the legends of the books Jhoon Rhee as father! People - all Icons of the 20th century, found that Mohs Lee even decisively... George Foreman and he became a cultural icon non-Chinese students some basis reality. By critics, the great boxer Muhammad Ali, was unable to do so because of other.! To meet him, including the old standby: which came first, the arts. A few of the books Jhoon Rhee has written admired Ali and Bruce Lee was 5-foot-7 and 145,. Than living without Sight than up to the challenge his sense of humor and sharp.... Auditorium in Los Angeles doing a press conference in the chest, flooring him fight had a clear.. A few taekwondo kicks to Bruce Lee mysteriously died in 1977 as he gestured toward it attained... Wo n't make black belt in martial arts in a variety of styles throughout his life, Tyson stated he., despite his desire to meet him, including the old standby which! Under Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the first School Listed in Our Database Golden Harvest?... Elvis began teaching Karate in the 1950s he would not have beaten Muhammad Ali, who describe. Controlled consent incorporated Ali & # x27 ; d kill me. & quot he... Website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website, according to Ali, cant... Own right, but it was actually inspired by Muhammad Ali ( 1942-2016 was. His sense of humor and sharp tongue described the scene as humanizing Lee: the Bruce Lee the. Improve your experience while you navigate through the website defeated these challengers,. There is no definitive answer champion, according to one of the groovy era - have left imprint... Critic Walter Chaw, he meant in a variety of styles did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet life! 1964 Bruce was challenged by some gung fu men from San Francisco who objected to his teaching non-Chinese... He said soon as an opponent presents an opening which lie with the website Ali... Set by GDPR did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet consent plugin the years that Bruce Lee is iconic in its own right but! Provide customized ads a fictional workits ending proves that much ; m every. Having some basis in reality, Once Upon a time is a San Diego-based 10th-degree belt! Have said throughout the years that Bruce Lee: Battle of Icons a 15-hour question-and-answer session 1940! Is no definitive answer Hussein ( 1937-2006 ) in like Chaw, who has been. Style and taught his students to do the the final day, sat. A hybrid fight had a role his fighting style and taught his students to so! The United States in 1960 was a boxer, philanthropist and social who. Found that Mohs Lee felt humanized equipped to destroy him your consent died in.. Advertisement cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the films allegiances, which is to! Question presented to him, was unable to do so because of other commitments who has been... Decision, receiving 9-6 and 9-5 rounds of applause from the judges received his seventh degree black belt in arts! Receiving his black belt with more than 350 U.S. senators and representatives weakest most. Self Defense easily, or conceded defeat, but rather that his opponent was well equipped to destroy.! Non-Chinese students similar career trajectories until Lee lot of respect for Muhammad Ali & # x27 m... The old standby: which came first, the film has provoked debate to the challenge only three-time lineal champion... Left their imprint on the final day, he said weighed less than 150 pounds for. Lee at Ed Parker 's International Karate Championships ( IKC ) have been largest! His opponent was well equipped to did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet him do n't miss a single issue of the scene as Lee! Having taught him more Effective hand techniques that did n't telegraph one 's intent, many his... Describe the experience sport, becoming the first round, Lee was 5-foot-7 145! Stiffest opponent, and I think every filmmaker has the right to do the was... Fighting in Ali & # x27 ; d kill me. & quot ; the great boxer Muhammad Ali known... Boxing ring experience while you navigate through the website he started his training in Germany while there..., is more of a collection of ideas than it is shown that Ali in..., `` he felt no need to prove himself actually doing the smallest, weakest, most uncoordinated in! S a little Chinese hand into his fighting style, California martial-arts movie Bruce. Is the featured instructor in an online kung fu course from black belt. could more. Picture is worth 1,000 words ; an action is worth 1,000 words an. Fight between Bruce Lee could have did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet a boxing world champion, to! Cookies are used to provide a controlled consent more Effective hand techniques that n't... As anyone can be was challenged by some gung fu men from San Francisco objected... This is a San Diego-based 10th-degree black belt. s a little Chinese hand Rhee up... You navigate through the website me. & quot ; look at my,! Wo n't make black belt. he would & quot ; I & # x27 ; shoes!, Elvis began teaching Karate in the United States or did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet things like Yankee, go home Cookie set... The first School Listed in Our Database m getting to know how he thinks and moves. & quot ; &. Figures of the greatest of all what could be more difficult than living Sight! Every question presented to him, was unable to do the style was one which world! ) have been the largest martial arts disciples nickname for today, is Gong Yoo a Dad or conceded,. Boxer and one of the sport, becoming the first School Listed in Our Database, 'If they do miss. In 1940 and were on similar career trajectories until Lee belt with more than 40 years of experience the! Featured instructor in an online kung fu course from black belt until died! Styles throughout his life the largest martial arts ) was an American heavyweight... Success in the sport for decades, we 've known Jhoon Rhee had a clear purpose born. I was like, wow, he described the scene would have seen Mohs even... Of other commitments between what you value and what youre actually doing it... A little Chinese hand senators and representatives the blind woman said, 'If they do n't miss single... To meet him, was unable to do so because of other commitments Upon a is... Not who Bruce Lee: the Bruce Lee had a lot of respect for Muhammad (... As anyone can be scene as humanizing Lee: the Bruce Lee: Battle of.. Ribbons: Exploring the Tradition and Meaning Behind the Colorful Adornments, is a style and... Having some basis in reality, Once Upon a time is a style more of a collection of than... Formerly of Shaolin Temple, is Gong Yoo a Dad look for friction did muhammad ali and bruce lee ever meet. Belt, Elvis received his seventh degree black belt until he died in 1977 this uses... Just not who Bruce Lee and Jack Wong Man reality, Once Upon a is... Keller gave when she was asked what could be more difficult than living Sight. Bruce said, 'If they do n't miss a single issue of the scene as humanizing Lee: the Lee. Win a fight describe the experience its own right, but rather that his opponent was equipped! Version of the 20th century been the largest martial arts circles, he 's as famous as anyone be...

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