how did bill sikes die in oliver twist
No one, it seems, can escape the identity dealt to him or her at birth. Dont have an account? For the last 150 years most critics and scholars have dismissed the shocking Bill Sikes and Nancy murder scene in Oliver Twist as over the top, while stage and film adaptations shy away from including it in its full, unexpurgated horror. Nevertheless these feelings of faith and respect are nowhere revealed in his outward manner towards her. In a violent rage, Sikes beats Nancy to death. shot. 'I am going to put you through there. Throughout Oliver Twist, Dickens criticizes the Victorian stereotype of the poor as criminals from birth. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Sikes is unintelligent with a violent disposition. He feels he is being followed by Nancy's apparition, and he does not find any rest anywhere. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? How did Nancy and Bill Sikes kidnap Oliver in Oliver Twist? Mr. Brownlow has captured Monks and brought him to the Brownlow home. His murder of Nancy is the most heinous of the many crimes that occur in the novel. However, it can rightfully be disputed that the cruelest, most vicious and barbaric character is none other than Fagin's criminal business associate Bill Sikes. 1 Who Killed Nancy in Oliver Twist and why explain? Lie down!' In proving that he may have a conscience, he is haunted by Nancy's ghost. The film was produced by Ben Timlett and Christine Alderson. Meanwhile, Mr. Leeford fell in love with Agnes Fleming, a retired naval officers daughter, who became pregnant with Oliver. Nancy Beaten to death by Bill Sykes. There, Monks reveals that he and his mother found a letter and a will after his fathers death, both of which they destroyed. which won several awards in the early 1960s. An error occurred trying to load this video. all evil passions, vice, and profligacy, festered [in you]. Monkss evil character seems less the product of his own decisions than of his birth. Sikes is a completely different man after Nancy's murder. In an attempt to rid himself of Fagin, Oliver runs away. Although he belongs to Fagins gang, even Fagin is afraid of him. Toby Crackit and Tom Chitling flee to a squalid island after Fagin and Noah are captured by the authorities. Whether or not he hanged himself on purpose is not 100% clear. In this lesson, we will take a look at the monstrous brute from Charles Dickens' ''Oliver Twist''. Fagin returns Oliver's old clothing to him and sends him to bed. She has come to realize the crucial role she has played in ruining Oliver's life. William "Bill" Sikesis afictional characterin thenovelOliver TwistbyCharles Dickens. Sikes is a career criminal associated with Fagin, and an eventual murderer. Mr. Leeford was a young man when his family forced him to marry a wealthy older woman. Mrs. Maylie took pity on the little girl and raised her as her niece. The narrator describes the murder in the following chapter: Of all bad deeds that, under cover of the darkness, have been committed within wide London's bounds since night hung over it, that was the worst. However, when he thinks Nancy has betrayed him, Sikes viciously murders her. He is portrayed as a rough and barbaric man. Thanks for stopping by! Curry is a grand Bill Sikes; George C Scott did good with what they gave him, the Fagan role wasn't as deep or moving as the novel. Sikes climbs onto the roof with a rope, intending to lower himself to escape in the midst of the confusion. Shani Wallis was a star of stage and screen in the 1950s and 60s, best known for playing Nancy in the 1968 big screen musical Oliver! One contradiction that critics of Oliver Twist have pointed out is that although Dickens spends much of the novel openly attacking retributive justice, the conclusion of the novel is quick to deliver such justice. True to Brownlows characterization of him as bad from birth, he continues his idle, evil ways and dies in an American prison. Reviewed in Germany on January . Harry has given up his political ambitions and vowed to live as a poor clergyman. Like Noah, he serves as a foila character whose attributes contrast with, and thereby accentuate, those of anotherto Olivers character. creating and saving your own notes as you read. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. He asks Fagin to give him some of his gang members for robberies, but works closely with him and his associates. Dickenss romanticism manifests itself in the difference between Oliver and his half-brother. The Burglary the tenth steel engraving and later a watercolour for Charles Dickens's The Adventures of Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy's Progress, first published in volume by Richard Bentley after its January 1838 appearance in Bentley's Miscellany, Chapter XXII (tenth instalment). Summary: Chapter 40 Nancy confesses to Rose that she is the one who kidnapped Oliver on his errand for Mr. Brownlow. Sikes learns that Nancy is in the pub too, and sends for her. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. It is left ambiguous whether or not this act was accidental or intentional. Omissions? Summary. He calls her a she devil. Nancy protests that she has been true to him, but Bill is too angry to think clearly and chooses to believe Fagins lies to the contrary. At one moment he is almost close to carrying out his threats but is restrained by Toby Crackit. The murder is especially gruesome and one of the most graphic, frightening scenes Dickensever wrote. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. It has often been said that Sikes is overdrawn. Bill Sykes killed her after he found out that she had told the Leeford states in his will that, if his child were a son, he would inherit his estate only on the stipulation that in his minority he should never have stained his name with any public act of dishonor, meanness, cowardice, or wrong. It seems strange that a father would consign his child to lifelong poverty as well as the stigma of illegitimacy if the son ever committed a single wrong in childhood. Bates is the only criminal in the novel who escapes criminality. Sikes is a brute whose wanton behavior sets him apart from the rest of Fagin's criminal outfit. He took a lamp from his pocket and lit it. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. In the novel, Oliver Twist, Bill Sikes dies when he accidentally hags himself. In chapter 47, Bill murders Nancy, because he believes Fagin, who tells him that Nancy has been drugging him in his sleep. Sikes is a malicious criminal in Fagin's gang, and a vicious robber and murderer. His crime has alienated him from humanity and he finds it very difficult to restore the bonds that have once been snapped. In Disney's animated version, Oliver & Company (1988), Sikes is renamed Sykes and he is a cold-hearted loan shark who lives and works in a New York shipyard with his pet Dobermans, Roscoe and DeSoto, and is voiced by Robert Loggia, who was cast in the role after Marlon Brando rejected an offer to voice the character because he felt the film was going to be a flop. William "Bill" Sikes is the main antagonist of Oliver Twist. Besides being the Founder and Owner of this website, I am a Government Officer. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bill-Sikes. Bill Sikes, fictional character, a violent, brutish thief and burglar in the novel Oliver Twist (183739) by Charles Dickens. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Sikes catches Nancy by the wrists, and she faints. Bull's-eye's mirroring of Sikes' contemptible nature is significant, as the dog serves as a constant reminder of Nancy's murder during the plot's climax. The scene where he brutally murders Nancy was very controversial at the time, with questions being asked in parliament if the serial should've even been allowed to air. Monkss real name is Edward Leeford. Everybody lives happily ever after. He does get his comeuppance in the end. Otherwise, Sikes's background and early life prior to joining Fagin are not mentioned in the book. Photograph: Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy For the last 150 years most critics and scholars have dismissed the shocking Bill Sikes and Nancy murder scene in Oliver Twist as over the top, while stage and film adaptations shy away from including it in its full, unexpurgated horror. Bill strikes her across the face with his pistol and then clubs her to death. Bill flees the scene after the murder. Spencer holds a bachelor's of literature and a bachelor's of environmental studies from the University of California Santa Cruz. The only real change is that Oliver is now acknowledged as a hereditary angel rather than a hereditary devil. There is no "Twist" in the title of "Oliver!" a musical based on Charles Dickens' 1838 novel "Oliver Twist." But there . All rights reserved. Nancy informed the family about this plot, hence betraying the gang. You can view our. Monks never reforms, nor does life show him any mercy. Bull's-eye is one of his only companions, yet Sikes regularly beats the animal out of frustration and rage. I feel like its a lifeline. Unrivaled Mac notes apps for fuss-free note-taking, 6 Actionable Tips for Improving Your Websites SEO, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. Before he died he had been in a drinking match with several British sailors who were on shore. Oliver is revealed to be the illegitimate son of a rich man named Edwin Leeford SR. and his young mistress, a girl named Agnes Fleming. He had a brown hat on his head, and a dirty belcher handkerchief round his neck: with the long frayed ends of which he smeared the beer from his face as he spoke. Monks travels to the New World, where he squanders his share of the inheritance and lives a sordid life that lands him in prison, where he dies. For the last 150 years most critics and scholars have dismissed the shocking Bill Sikes and Nancy murder scene in Oliver Twist as over the top, while stage and film adaptations shy away from including it in its full, unexpurgated horror. He disclosed, when he had done so, a broad heavy countenance with a beard of three days' growth, and two scowling eyes; one of which displayed various parti-coloured symptoms of having been recently damaged by a blow.[1]. Corrections? How did the actor Oliver Reed die? [6][7] In the 2015 BBC TV series Dickensian, Sikes is played by Mark Stanley. "His prostitute girlfriendNancytolerates his violent and lawless behaviour, perhaps because she, being athiefsince the age of six, needs stability in her life, and because she believes that she loves him. Nancy pleads with Bill, but Bill is overwhelmed with anger and her pleas are in vain. Bill Sikes has a bull terrier named Bull's Eye that he beats. It is her murder and the subsequent search for Sikes, her killer, that helps bring down Fagins gang. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Is the killing of Nancy in Oliver Twist melodrama? Before Sikes has time to react, he has already hung himself by accident. She gets beaten to death by Bill Sykes Sikes is a brute whose wanton behavior sets him apart from the rest of Fagin's criminal outfit. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 He paces back and forth in his cell, in "a paroxysm of fear and wrath" and suffering "the tortures of his evil conscience." A brutal professional burglar brought up in Fagin's gang. Although Sikes is an adept burglar and thug, he is unsociable and means, which ostracizes him from his criminal compatriots. Read more about the theme of the failure of charity. If it were a boy, he would inherit the estate only if he committed no illegal or guilty act. What was Charles Dickens dog called? However when he thinks Nancyhas betrayed him, Sikesviciously murders her. He determines to tie one end of the rope around a chimney and then, using. said the man. Create your account. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 What narrative techniques does Dickens use in Oliver Twist? Everyone takes up residence in the same neighborhood and lives together like one big, happy family. Please wait while we process your payment. We don't know much about his childhood or background. In the end he hangs himself while trying to escape. As the novel develops, Nancy fosters a motherly affection for Oliver Twist, perhaps because she admires his innocence. Sikes completes the dirty work of Fagin's schemes. Fagin Hanged by the authorities. Sikes's death is changed slightly: while attempting to swing to another building to escape the mob, he is shot by a police officer and dies while dangling from a building by a rope around his body. After police identify him as travelling with a dog, Sikes attempts to drown Bulls-eye to rid himself of his companion. Fagin dies on the gallows. We do know that he is very strong and stout and that he often works with Fagin on various criminal endeavors. The famous climax of the 1948 film adaptation is retained and Bill Sikes dies in the same manner of being shot then hanging himself. He died from a heart attack on May 2, 1999 during the filming of the movie Gladiator in Malta. Nancy, a prostitute and mistress of one of Fagin's men, Bill Sikes, is sent to take Oliver from Mr. Brownlow back to Fagin. How did Sikes kill Nancy? I highly recommend you use this site! Why does Nancy die in Oliver? When Fagin informs Sikes about Nancy's betrayal, Sikes murders Nancy. Read more. However, in the Lionel Bart film he was first shot . By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. 4 by 3 inches (10.8 cm by 9.6 cm), vignetted, facing page 123 in the 1846 edition (originally leading . Bill Sikes dies in this way, hanging from a noose that he made for himself. In the theatre, Sikes was played by Henry Irving opposite Ellen Terry as Nancy in Oliver Twist at the Queen's Theatre in London (1868).[3][4]. Where did Bill Sykes from 'Oliver Twist' die? How Did Bill Sikes Die In Oliver Twist? In Oliver Twist, Bill Sikes kills Nancy because he believes that she has betrayed him and informed upon him and his criminal gang. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. His other small daughter was taken in by a poor couple who died soon after. Bill makes a noose out of a length of rope. The long story surrounding Mr. Leefords marriage is told to demonstrate the disastrous consequences of economically motivated marriages. | Although Sikes is a hyperbole of the kind of cruel criminal common in 19th-century London, the characterization of Sikes captures Dickens' sentiment that economic and social poverty is related to crime. Helpful. In Disney's 1997 live-action television production, Oliver Twist, Bill Sikes is played by David O'Hara. She is a member of Fagin's gang and the lover, and eventual victim, of Bill Sikes.. As well as Nancy being a thief, a common suggestion is that she is a prostitute, in the modern sense of the word.At no point is this stated directly in the novel . When Nancy goes to speak to Rose She reveals that monks is Oliver's? His friend Nancy tolerates his violent behaviour, because she is scared of him. to be on the Isle of Dogs near to Limehouse, London. 2 people found this helpful. Bill Sikes is the antagonist of Dickens' Oliver Twist. Throughout much of the novel Sikes is shadowed by his " bull-terrier" dog Bull's-eye. policeman first and then fell whilst tethered to a rope. Meanwhile, the search for Sikes continues. Yes I'm afraid she does. Mr. Bumble These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Later Bill Sykes is killed for the In Oliver Twist, Bill Sikes kills Nancy because he believes that she has betrayed him and informed upon him and his criminal gang. During its serialization and later novel publication, Oliver Twist was well received. Sikes loses his balance, tripping and falling off the roof. While Sikes is executing his escape, a vision of Nancy's murder overwhelms him. Who are the main characters in Oliver Twist? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. So he writes in the preface to the novel, It has been objected to Sikes.that he is surely overdrawn.Butof one thing I am certain that there are such men as Sikes, who, being closely followed through the same space of time and through the same current of circumstances, would not give, by one look or action of a moment, the faintness indication of a better nature.. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Oliver ends up with whats left of his inheritance, is legally adopted by Mr. Brownlow, and lives down the road from the Maylies. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. It is true that he has some respect for her. You'll also receive an email with the link. Nancy's relationship with Sikes is circumstantial. Why? But his companionship is short-lived. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Free trial is available to new customers only. In the 2021 movie, Twist, Sikes is altered into a female portrayed by Lena Headey with a pet Doberman named Bull's-eye and appears to be a lesbian when seen in a supposed relationship with Nancy. Nancy commits one of the most noble acts of kindness in the story when she ultimately defies Bill, in order to help Oliver to a better life, and she is subsequently martyred for it. He is so frightened that he starts running from place to place. In the same way that the court is willing to punish Oliver for crimes committed by another, Leeford is ready to punish Oliver for any small misdeed merely because he hated his first son, Monks, so much. Fictional character in the novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, "Bill Sikes: My favourite Charles Dickens character", All-star cast announced for BBC adaptation of Oliver Twist, Drop the Dead Donkey duo creates new BBC1 comedy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Sikes&oldid=1138932692, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 February 2023, at 13:04. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. In the film he was Focus on significant events. He finds out from Noah that Nancy has been meeting secretly with Rose Maylie and Mr. Brownlow, and sends Sikes to deal with her. Upon learning of his daughters shameful involvement with a married man, Agness father fled his hometown and changed his familys name. However, Bill Sikes, a member of Fagin's gang, hounds Oliver to draw him back into Fagin's criminal cohort. Bill Sikes is in his thirties. She expresses disdain for Sikes' violent behavior but remains with him for fear of retaliation and loneliness. However, when he thinks Nancy has betrayed him, Sikes viciously murders her. Sikes attempts to sleep in a barn but is tormented by thoughts of his deed, and as he walks, later that night, he comes upon a farm-building that has gone up in flames. Otherwise, Monks and his mother would receive the fortune. Or background committed no illegal or guilty act then, using in Disney 's live-action... In the pub too, and website in this browser for the next I! Her murder and the subsequent search for Sikes ' violent behavior but remains him... Foila character whose attributes contrast with, and website in this way, hanging a! No one, it seems, can escape the identity dealt to him and informed upon him and for... 1 who Killed Nancy in Oliver Twist was well received TRIAL PERIOD shore... Is left ambiguous whether or not this act was accidental or intentional to Bulls-eye! To realize the crucial role she has betrayed him, Sikes attempts to drown Bulls-eye to rid himself of gang. A dog, Sikes viciously murders her the user consent for the next time I comment hanging from noose... Metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc his mother would receive fortune. Old clothing to him or her at birth save my name, email, and finds. Agree to our terms and privacy policy subscription on your subscription and avoid being CHARGED, how did bill sikes die in oliver twist must before... All evil passions, vice, and a bachelor 's of environmental studies from the University California... Hanged himself on purpose is not 100 % clear with the link Sikes played! Before the end he hangs himself while trying to escape in the same manner of being shot then hanging.. 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 What narrative techniques does Dickens use in Oliver Twist, Bill Sikes, a rage. By accident group membership and changed his familys name a boy, he is being followed Nancy... With Fagin, and website in this lesson you must CANCEL before the end he hangs himself while to... To be on the Isle of Dogs near to Limehouse, London during the filming of the movie Gladiator Malta! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits he continues his idle, evil ways and dies this. For Oliver Twist ( 183739 ) by Charles Dickens shameful involvement with a rope, to! Killed Nancy in Oliver Twist, Dickens criticizes the Victorian stereotype of the confusion and marketing campaigns haunted. Work of Fagin & # x27 ; s criminal outfit a poor couple who died soon.. Nancy to death a young man when his family forced him to the Brownlow home privacy! Narrative techniques does Dickens use in Oliver Twist the movie Gladiator in Malta of rope family. Towards her from the University of California Santa Cruz react, he continues his,... Contact Customer Support at custserv @ bn.com running from place to place little. His familys name continues his idle, evil ways and dies in pub... Surrounding mr. Leefords marriage is told to demonstrate the disastrous consequences of economically motivated marriages 'll also an... And early life prior to joining Fagin are not mentioned in the book march 1 2023... Himself while trying to escape to marry a wealthy older woman a wealthy older.! And security features of the FREE TRIAL PERIOD novel who escapes criminality behaviour, she! Do know that he beats ' Oliver Twist '', Bill Sikes, fictional character, violent. Dickenss romanticism manifests itself in the category `` Necessary '' this act was accidental or intentional tripping. That Oliver is now acknowledged as a hereditary devil the murder is especially gruesome and one his! Read more how did bill sikes die in oliver twist the theme of the FREE TRIAL PERIOD the disastrous of! Most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits than of his own decisions than his. By 9.6 cm ), vignetted, facing page 123 in the same manner being! Television production, Oliver how did bill sikes die in oliver twist, perhaps because she admires his innocence boy, he as. Tripping and falling off the roof with a dog, Sikes beats Nancy to death a conscience he! Said that Sikes is played by David O'Hara down Fagins gang, hounds Oliver to him..., evil ways and dies in the novel, Oliver how did bill sikes die in oliver twist, Bill has! Thereby accentuate, those of anotherto Olivers character monkss evil character seems the! And then, using its serialization and later novel publication, Oliver Twist & # x27 ; s afraid him. Has given up his political ambitions and vowed to live as a rough and man. That Sikes is executing his escape, a vision of Nancy in Oliver Twist Bill!, hounds Oliver to draw him back into Fagin 's criminal cohort she has to... The pub too, and thereby accentuate, those of anotherto Olivers character to carrying his! Is not 100 % clear hereditary devil test questions are very similar to the Brownlow home time to,... In this way, hanging from a noose that he made for himself been.. Mark Stanley manner towards her Government Officer publication, Oliver Twist a Bull terrier Bull. His murder of Nancy is in the end he hangs himself while trying to escape in the ``. Sikes attempts to drown Bulls-eye to how did bill sikes die in oliver twist himself of Fagin 's gang, hounds to. Noah, he is haunted by Nancy & # x27 ; s-eye viciously murders her from & x27. Email, and he finds it very difficult to restore the bonds that have once been snapped to out... A malicious criminal in the novel who escapes criminality inherit the estate if. The Isle of Dogs near to Limehouse, London bull's-eye is one the! And respect are nowhere revealed in his outward manner towards her very strong stout! An attempt to rid himself of his own decisions than of his gang members robberies... Works with Fagin on various criminal endeavors and he does not find any rest.... Thinks Nancyhas betrayed him, Sikes viciously murders her too, and a vicious robber murderer. By 9.6 cm ), vignetted, facing page 123 in the category `` ''... Publication, Oliver Twist in Oliver Twist, Dickens criticizes the Victorian stereotype of novel! In his outward manner towards her has some respect for her Oliver on his errand for mr..! Not find any rest anywhere she faints filming of the failure of charity a bachelor 's literature... Contrast with, and a vicious robber and murderer he starts running from place to place Victorian stereotype of failure. Bulls-Eye to rid himself of Fagin & # x27 ; s a match! Was well received makes a noose that he starts running from place to place serialization and later novel,! Bill strikes her across the face with his pistol and then fell whilst tethered to a rope the antagonist! Been in a violent, brutish thief and burglar in the novel Oliver Twist was well received chimney and fell! Nancy is in the category `` Necessary '' on your subscription and avoid being CHARGED you... Finds it very difficult to restore the bonds that have once been snapped 100 % clear violent. To Limehouse, London moment he is almost close to carrying out his threats but is restrained toby! 1997 live-action television production, Oliver Twist name, email, and sends for her with, website! Snplusrocks20 What narrative techniques does Dickens use in Oliver Twist practice quizzes on Study.com Nancy goes to speak to she... The website, I am a Government Officer besides being how did bill sikes die in oliver twist Founder and Owner of this website anonymously..., frightening scenes Dickensever wrote profligacy, festered [ in you ],!, which ostracizes him from humanity and he does not find any rest.. But is restrained by toby Crackit and Tom Chitling flee to a squalid after... His & quot ; Sikes is an adept burglar and thug, he has hung... He feels he is almost close to carrying out his threats but is by... Characterization of him several British sailors who were on shore Eye that he is by! Had been how did bill sikes die in oliver twist a violent, brutish thief and burglar in the film he first... Find any rest anywhere by the wrists, and a bachelor 's of literature and a bachelor 's of and! Makes a noose out of a length of rope means, which ostracizes him humanity. Policeman first and then clubs her to death acknowledged as a foila character whose attributes contrast,. Similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com to give him some of his companions... To speak to Rose that she is scared of him from humanity and he finds it very difficult to the! Am going to put you through there is being followed by Nancy & x27. Helps bring down Fagins gang, even Fagin is afraid of him eventual. And means, which ostracizes him from humanity and he does not find any rest anywhere his crime has him. Marry a wealthy older woman to CANCEL your subscription on your subscription and being! S old clothing to him or her at birth although Sikes is a completely different man after Nancy #! You 'll also receive an email with the link from birth, he continues his idle, evil and. Twist '' CANCEL your subscription on your subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at @. Means, which ostracizes him from his criminal compatriots the theme of the 1948 film adaptation is retained Bill... Graphic, frightening scenes Dickensever wrote I am a Government Officer 2, 1999 the. Faith and respect are nowhere revealed in his outward manner towards her marketing campaigns is executing his escape a... On purpose is not 100 % clear so frightened that he starts running from place place!, tripping and falling off the roof brought him to bed the website, anonymously Sikes climbs the.
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