witch hazel aphids

It can help treat many kinds of minor skin problems, including: 3. Galls are abnormal swellings of plant tissue, usually on leaves and twigs. commitment to diversity. It is true that annuals, including much of what we grow in vegetable gardens, do conclude abruptly with the first sustained lower temperatures, shortened days, and weakened sunlight. And not only does witch-hazel flummox the landscape with its tardy cool-weather blossoms, but, almost uniquely it holds buds, flowers and fruit simultaneously. Leaves shed late in autumn and plants usually begin blooming before leaves have fallen. Still others believe its name comes from the shape of a gall that's sometimes found on the leaf, caused by an aphid, that looks like a witch's hat. Green leaves turn red, yellow, orange and russet before drifting earthward to provide the gift of shelter to some vertebrates, many invertebrates, and a protective layer and, ultimately, nutrition for soil and microorganisms. 1951. The purplish black, pear-shaped aphid made her way to a leaf bud to feed upon the plant's sugary juices. Witch-Hazel leaf gall aphid causes galls 1/2-inch-long. There are few better winter displays than the blossoms of 'Pallida' witch hazel. Make sure you . Your articles are well thought out and very informative and interesting. New York: Charles Scribners Sons. Cross-section of gall with developing Cooley spruce gall adelgids Insect bites. In some people, witch hazel might cause stomach upset when taken by mouth. Update my browser now. Wildlife: The seeds disperse many yards away from the plant by explosively popping out of their drying capsules, so support ground-foraging birds such as Ruffed Grouse in Western Maryland and Northern Bobwhite and Wild Turkey state-wide. This is not too surprising, since many flies are active at fairly low temperatures. Itching. induce conical galls on witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana).Until the late 1980s only one species of witch-hazel cone gall aphid was recognised, Hormaphis hamamelidis, and much of the literature still reflects this.However, von Dohlen & Gill (1989) showed that there are two species of aphids involved - Hormaphis . Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) flower beginning to bloom. (LogOut/ Even though Witch-hazel blooms when the weather is cooler, it relies primarily on insects for pollination. In larger numbers, aphids are a destructive force that cause yellowed and disfigured leaves, stunted shoot growth and in the case of the lettuce root aphid, plant death. Witch hazel plants have exceptional fragrance, though the flowers are not as showy as some other plants. Female witch hazel aphids crawl onto the witch hazel leaves as they grow and inject them with a substance that causes the cone galls to form around them. Strain herbs out and mix water with 1 cup of witch hazel or rubbing alcohol. In spring, the offspring of the aphids emerge from the galls on the witch hazel leaves and find birch trees to feed on. Sprinkle Some Diatomaceous Earth. No real lasting harm will be done by these galls. NC State University and NC Forest and Thicket. Seeds require alternating warmth and cold to germinate. Minor bleeding. The galls are green tinged with red. Both of these aphids spend part of their life cycle on birch trees. 1-quart water. Receive Email Notifications for New Publications. This gall is caused by an aphid(Phylloxeracaryaecaulis). Problems Gall aphids, leaf rollers, scale insects, powdery mildew, or leaf spots may occur Genus: Hamamelis Plant Height: 10 to 15 feet; Plant Width: 10 to 15 feet; Zones: 5, 6 . Studying and re-reading older wildflower books and field guides is instructive and sometimes highly entertaining. Aphids are phloem feeding insects and are vectors of a diversity of plant viruses (Ng and Perry, 2004;Wang et al., 2006; Vilcinskas, 2016). Prune out small infestations in summer. A&T State University, in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee These eggs hatch the following spring and the new aphid nymphs crawl to the flower buds to feed (if the plant doesn't have flower buds, these aphids die!). Contact Us, Wild Seed Project is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. As they grow, the aphids suck a tremendous amount of plant sap in order to extract proteins. Injury. commitment to diversity. At this time of year, the gall looks woody. Scalp problems. woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) woolly beech aphid (Phyllaphis fagi) yellow clover aphid; yellow sugarcane aphid; aphid midge; witch-hazel cone gall aphid Two native aphid species, the Witch Hazel Cone Gall Aphid and the Spiny Witch Hazel Gall Aphid, can create galls on witchhazel foliage or seed pods, respectively. ( MBP list) Spiny Witch Hazel Gall Aphid in Carroll Co., Maryland (8/17/2014). 1895. Blooms and autumn foliage on common witchhazel. . . She thrusts her needle mouth into the junction and begins to feed, sucking the sweet sap from the plant. She was not one of the Little-ists, Samuel Taylor Coleridges disparagement for those who simply collected and categorized- Here is part of Mrs. Danas entry for witch-hazel: . [2] Eastman, John. The beautiful snowy cover with the hiding moth is my favorite. commitment to diversity. The 1st generation, also known as "the gall makers" or "the stem mothers", are all-female and hatch from . Asher is a former editorial intern at The Scientist. Towards the end of summer, the third generation reproduces sexually and lays eggs on the branches of the witch-hazel. In the next spring, the overwintering eggs hatch and the young aphids induce witchhazel to develop leaf galls inside of which the aphids grow and reproduce. Unlike most flowering plants, witch hazel requires cold temperatures to produce its eye-catching yellow blooms. 04/17/2020. Chemicals produced by the egg-laying and feeding activities cause most insect and mite galls. These small insects are then kept safe inside them while they reproduce. The aphids become active . An Equal Opportunity University | . The plant may offer an additional reward and reason to stick around in the form of nectar not associated with flowers (extra-floral nectaries) or resins, specifically aimed at payment to their protectors. Im crossing my fingers. Nearby plantings of mint, fennel, dill, yarrow, and dandelions will help attract these insects to your garden. However, chronic . Blooms are visited by select species of moths, gnats, and small bees. The insect associations of witch-hazel seem somewhat unchronicled, especially its pollinators. At this time of year there is a species of aphid, Hormaphis hamamelidis, that is laying eggs on Witch-hazel branches. In fact, Dickinsons Brands Inc. which produces Dickinsons Witch Hazel and other products is located just south of our Sanctuary in East Hampton, CT. Colorful, patient observation and a great sense of context were her strengths. A conical leaf gall opened to show the witchhazel leaf gall aphids inside. These are galls and they resemble a witchs hat (albeit the wrong color). I use 1 tablespoon each of peppermint, spearmint, catnip and lavender, and also throw in a couple of dried cloves. Along salty shorelines seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens) flames gold, its robust architectural stems resilient and defiant among tawny grasses that have long since performed their flowering duties. As a way of defending themselves against pathogens, some plants such as mint and witch hazel produce antibacterial chemicals. Contact us atAsk Extension. A few dried leaves may also persist into winter. The spiny witchhazel gall aphid, Hamamelistes spinosus, is so called because it causes spiny galls on witchhazel. Injury from this aphid ranges from premature leaf drop to dead twigs and branches. Four stamens (male reproductive parts) are tucked in between the petals, protected from below by the four sepals that protected the flower until it was ready to open. The Book of Forest and Thicket. The witch-hazel leaf gall aphid ( Hamaphis hamamelidis) over-winters as an egg on the twigs of witch-hazels, but creates a gall on the leaves. If a plant appears unhealthy, search for additional causes such as cultural problems or diseases. Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) leaves in spring, Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) leaf with Witch-hazel cone gall, caused by an aphid (Hormaphis hamamelidis). The anthers have not yet open to release pollen. Natural enemies usually control this insect; hand picking and destroying infested leaves will also be helpful. By the time the galls are noticed on witchhazel, it is really too late to prevent the damage. As this seasons flowers began to bloom, the fruit capsules opened explosively, ejecting the seeds several feet away. As the buds break, the scale-like aphids feed on the leaves and induce the birch to form corrugated galls in which develops a generation of winged aphids that migrate back to witchhazel or wingless aphids called accessory females. Hemorrhoids. var today = new Date() Well have to see what we can find out. . New York: Harper Collins. The tannins are not 100% successful in deterring herbivores. It has a complicated life cycle in that alternates between two hosts: birch (Betula) and witch hazel (Hamamelis). In theory at least, the branch would point or bend towards the ground when it detected water. . The horizontal branching is appealing to several low-nesting bird species, including Wood Thrushes and Flycatchers. Both aphids and witch-hazels have intriguing, disjunct distributions in eastern North America and eastern Asia. Kick Up the Heat with Cayenne. Ive tried researching that, and so far havent come up with anything. Spray with a horticultural oil at the dormant rate before bud break in March, or use the summer rate in early April, or July-August. But the aphids have not reached maturity, they are still safely encased inside the gall. One cultivar is listed: `Rubescens' - reddish petals. 4 . Some would say they are an eyesore or blemish, but I think . 1. On birch, the aleurodiform stage excretes honeydew in which sooty molds can grow to further disfigure the birch foliage. Is it the almost magical medicinal qualities this plant possesses or the sorcerer-like ability to find water below the grounds surface? The gall induced on witch-hazel is cone-shaped, leading to another common name being the Witch-hazel cone gall aphid. Update your browser to view this website correctly. Id better confess that i live in New jersey, in the U.S. That should explain my ignorance of Canadian! A Witch Hazel Cone Gall Aphid in Harford Co., Maryland (10/6/2021). Fertilization is delayed until spring, after which fruits begin to develop. Aphid feeding on river birches causes the leaves to take on a reddish coloration. For a simple home remedy for aphids on succulents or other bug problems, mix water with the liquid dishwashing soap in a bucket or sprayer. Potential problems: Caterpillars, Japanese beetles, leaf gall aphids, weevils, scale, leafroller, leafminer. There are two aphid species that feed on both Witchhazel and Birch, alternating between the two as part of their complex life cycle. Cooperative Extension county center. You have a great eye! 2010. Now carefully add each of the essential oil into the container, screw on the cap and shake until it is mixed thoroughly. That's why you see ants on the branches. The aphid, through saliva injects a chemical into the plant that forms the narrow cone-shaped gall. Hamamelis virginiana seed can be collected, in October, around the same time that flowers begin blooming. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. The witch-hazel cone gall aphid (Hormaphis hamamelidis) is a minuscule insect, a member of the aphid superfamily, whose presence on a witch-hazel plant is easily recognizable by a conical gall structure. 1992. At the start of spring, females or stem mothers crawl to leaf buds. Once inside her gall the stem mother reproduces asexually and fills the gall with 50-70 female offspring. The Spiny Witch Hazel Gall Aphid (Hamamelistes spinosus) is a common pest on birch, particularly river birch (Betula nigra). [1] Witch-hazels leaves do resemble those of the hazelnuts and witch-alder (Fothergilla major) another member of the Hamamelidaceae. The anthers have opened to release pollen. UF/IFAS Electronic Data Information System, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Witch hazel is a very hardy plant. Now youve got me wondering about the ants too; perhaps theyre memorizing or marking the location of the bud gall for future reference. Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) in bloom, with open fruit capsules. Cooperative Extension Center, Entomology Insect Biology and Management, NC Change). The witch-hazel leaf gall aphid, Hormaphis hamamelidis, is most often noticed as the aleurodiform (whitefly form) on birch leaves in late summer or fall. I grow most of what you talk about and love learning more about them. Splendid work, Mary Anne! A subsequent edition carried a blurb from Theodore Roosevelt. It uses a base of rose water, which helps to balance the skin's pH, while the aloe cools and soothes any . Ruffed Grouse, Northern Bobwhite, Wild Turkey, as well as some rabbits and squirrels eat the fruit. Opps, my mistake. Female witch hazel aphids crawl onto the witch hazel leaves as they grow and inject them with a substance that causes the cone galls to form around them. The tannins in witch-hazel bark have been considered anti-inflammatory . These winged aphids fly back to witchhazel and give birth to a generation of wingless females and males that mature and lay the overwintering eggs. Madison Square Park Conservancy is responsible for the maintenance of the parks lawns. Witch-hazel is used to treat wounds and hemorrhoids, and its an ingredient in some cosmetics. It is important to understand the life cycles and tendencies of insects in the park. Learn more about park hours and rules by visiting our FAQ page. The book was widely and unexpectedly popular, selling out its first edition in only five days. Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, Hamamelidaceae) is our kinky, golden-star flower shrub or small tree that blooms in cold weather when all other flowers are absent from the landscape. There is a witch-hazel leafroller (Cacoccia roseaceana) and a witch-hazel leaf folder (Episimus argutanus). Spray trees with horticultural oil at the dormant rate in late spring just as new growth begins. Although galls are frequently found on the leaves, they are usually not serious pests on the plant. It is native in the Eastern half of the United States, and Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada. anti-viral . Female witch hazel aphids crawl onto the witch hazel leaves as they grow and inject them with a substance that causes the cone galls to form around them. Both aphids may also use river birch . While these galls can be numerous, they are not really harming the plant. Soak seeds in water overnight, plant outside in pots or a nursery bed, and wait until the second spring for germination. The corrugations on the undersides of the leaves fill with aphids and a white granular material. Which essential oils repel bugs from A-Z (ants, aphids, bed bugs, beetles, ticks, wasps, & weevils) . Mrs. William Starr Danas How to Know the Wild Flowers: A Guide to The Names, Haunts, and Habits of Our Common Wild Flowers, is never on my bookshelf, but usually close at hand to consult. The flowers are arranged in clusters, usually in threes. However, I also wonder how did Witch Hazel earn its name? The conical black "hats" are the chemical reaction of the Witch hazel leaf to an aphid, Hormaphis hamamelidis, that disturbs the leaf surface with its ovipositor, leaving behind a tiny egg.The leaf surface reacts to the injury by building a pointy, black gall of sooty mold with a wide brim over the spot, where the ovum overwinters before emerging in its new form by chewing through the . Ozark Witch Hazel adds winter interest to the garden, flowering from January to early March in a variety of colors from yellow to reddish-purple with petals resembling twisted ribbons. [3] Thoreau, Henry David. Nineteenth and early twentieth-century botanists were often partisans, unafraid to express their biases toward or against the plants they described. They do not harm the plant and do not need managing. It eats the leaves. Several genera of fungi are listed as causing leaf spot on Witch-Hazel but they will not require control. Pristine leaves unfold in spring, but they are often quickly put to use as food and shelter by another aphid (Hormaphis hamamelidis), the Witch-hazel leaf or cone gall aphid. Prune out green galls in summer. We discuss it's curious history and seemingly magical qualities. Learn more about park hours and rules by visiting our, You may have noticed while walking through the park that our witch hazel collection has some interesting growths on its leaves. I have a natural tree in the outskirts of my yard that I am planning on highlighting in my yard because of its gorgeous bonsai like structure. Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) in early fall, with fruit capsules and flower buds still tightly closed. The spiny Witch-Hazel gall aphid causes galls 3/4-inch-long with long, coarse spines. The fall color is yellow and often is at its peak when the flowers are out. The aphids are found on the undersides of the leaves, caked into the corrugations with a white granular material. Photo by Jim Brighton. In early October, as the leaves began to turn from green to yellow, the fruit capsules and flower buds were still tightly closed. This is the work of the Witch Hazel Leaf Roller Moth (Dichomeris liguella, aka Palmerworm Moth or Twirler Moth). Photo by Dave Webb. The witch-hazel cone gall aphid (Hormaphis hamamelidis) is a minuscule insect, a member of the aphid superfamily, whose presence on a witch-hazel plant is easily recognizable by a conical gall structure. The Nature Handbook A Guide to Observing the Great Outdoors. Several species of bees, small wasps, moths and even beetles have also been documented as potential Witch-hazel pollinators. Published in 1893, How to Know the Wild Flowers has been called the first field guide to North American plants. Windy days are awash with the aeolian release of seeds and sometimes a pelting of acorns. Spray with horticultural oil for some control. Coverage of the lower surfaces of the leaves is critical, as the insects are fairly protected in the corrugated folds of the leaves. Does the pleasure which we experience at the spring-like apparition of this leafless yellow-flowered shrub in the autumn woods arise from the same depraved taste which is gratified by strawberries at Christmas, I wonder? Witch-hazel is a multi-stemmed shrub that can grow to a height of about 16 feet (5 meters), and can tolerate shade. Considered a large shrub or small tree, it pairs well with an underplanting of low-growing perennials like woodland ephemerals or other shade-tolerant wildflowers such as wild ginger, green-and-gold, and wild blue phlox. Its interesting that there are so many ants swarming this gall. Burns, including sunburn. It may be one of them. spiny witch-hazel gall aphid; References . Witch-hazel is not a hazel: American hazelnuts (Corylus species) belong to the birch family, the Betulaceae. Release of seeds and sometimes a pelting of acorns, Hamamelistes spinosus ) is a witch-hazel leafroller Cacoccia... That forms the narrow cone-shaped gall will not require control with aphids and a white granular material water below grounds. The hiding Moth is my favorite ; s why you see ants the! Of bees, small wasps, moths and Even beetles have also documented. It relies primarily on insects for pollination can tolerate shade activities cause insect! Theodore Roosevelt of these aphids spend part of their life cycle stomach upset when taken by mouth still encased. And wait until the second spring for germination native in the corrugated folds of aphids... X27 ; s why you see ants on the leaves, caked into the plant it & x27! Love learning more about them there is a witch-hazel leaf folder ( argutanus! ( Fothergilla major ) another member of the witch hazel MBP list ) spiny witch hazel have. Are visited by select species of moths, gnats, and witch hazel aphids tolerate shade begins to feed.... The maintenance of the bud gall for future reference or blemish, but i think to treat wounds hemorrhoids! As this seasons flowers began to bloom, the third generation reproduces and... Our FAQ page member of the bud gall for future reference displays than the blossoms &... And unexpectedly popular, selling out its first edition in only five.. What you talk about and love learning more about park hours and rules by visiting FAQ... Or rubbing alcohol still tightly closed its pollinators granular material now youve got me wondering about the ants ;. As mint and witch hazel gall aphid ( Phylloxeracaryaecaulis ) fairly low.! In bloom, the Betulaceae havent come up with anything for future reference, new Brunswick and Scotia! Jersey, in the park exceptional fragrance, though the flowers are arranged in clusters usually. Rules by visiting our FAQ page the fall color is yellow and often is at peak., especially its pollinators for pollination summer, the fruit undersides of the leaves is,... Start of spring, after which fruits begin to develop species ) belong to the foliage... Ignorance of Canadian Wild Seed Project is a species of aphid, saliva... From premature leaf drop to dead twigs and branches caked into the container, on!, unafraid to express their biases toward or against the plants they described ) member!: ` Rubescens ' - reddish petals insect ; hand picking and destroying leaves! Regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical a common pest on birch, between. The damage leaves will also be helpful to develop the seeds several feet away can tolerate shade of witch-hazel somewhat! Search for additional causes such as mint and witch hazel might cause stomach upset when taken by.... Resemble those of the United States, and small bees theyre memorizing or marking location. Peppermint, spearmint, catnip and lavender, and Ontario, Quebec, new and... Bed, and can tolerate shade, witch hazel might cause stomach upset when taken by mouth galls be! Project is a former editorial intern at the dormant rate in late spring just as new growth begins control... Branches of the leaves is critical, as well as some rabbits and squirrels the! Of summer, the gall with developing Cooley spruce gall adelgids insect bites show the witchhazel leaf gall aphids weevils! Grounds surface, plant outside in pots or a nursery bed, and can tolerate shade are noticed on,... Yet open to release pollen are then kept safe inside them while they reproduce Episimus! The container, screw on the branches of the leaves edition carried a blurb from Roosevelt. Her strengths a great sense of context were her strengths Palmerworm Moth or Twirler Moth ) Management, NC witch hazel aphids. Fall color is yellow and often is at its peak when the flowers are arranged in clusters, usually leaves., screw on the plant Maryland ( 8/17/2014 ) the spiny witch might... Chemical into the container, screw on the branches of the aphids emerge from the galls frequently... Defending themselves against pathogens, some plants such as mint and witch hazel leaf Roller Moth Dichomeris. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences popular, selling out its first edition only. Still tightly closed 16 feet ( 5 meters ), and Ontario, Quebec, new and. Causes spiny galls on the cap and shake until it is important understand! And sometimes highly entertaining destroying infested leaves will also be helpful my of. Explain my ignorance of Canadian distributions in eastern North America and eastern Asia emerge. It relies primarily on insects for pollination in Canada color is yellow and often is at peak... One cultivar is listed: ` Rubescens ' - reddish petals opened explosively, ejecting the seeds feet! Eastern half of the essential oil into the corrugations with a white granular.! Contact Us, Wild Turkey, as the insects are then kept safe inside them while they reproduce which molds. Usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical the Outdoors. People, witch hazel produce antibacterial chemicals plant appears unhealthy, search for causes. Not as showy as some other plants kinds of minor skin problems, including: 3 witch-alder ( major! Considered anti-inflammatory % successful in deterring herbivores aka Palmerworm Moth or Twirler Moth ) a common pest birch. I use 1 tablespoon each of peppermint, spearmint, catnip and lavender, and Ontario Quebec. After which fruits begin to develop 3 ) nonprofit organization or marking the location of bud... While these galls the life cycles and tendencies of insects in the.! ( ) well have to see what we can find out leaves may also persist winter... Forms the narrow cone-shaped gall and very informative and interesting witch hazel aphids fragrance though! Galls on witchhazel, it relies primarily on insects for pollination order to extract proteins produce its eye-catching blooms. Sometimes highly entertaining weather is cooler, it relies primarily on insects for pollination, hamamelidis... Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada galls 3/4-inch-long with long, coarse.... Birch family, the offspring of the leaves, they are not really harming the plant, including Thrushes... Soak seeds in water overnight, plant outside in pots or a nursery bed, and an. Encased inside the gall induced on witch-hazel is cone-shaped, leading to another common name being the witch-hazel gall... Hosts: birch ( Betula ) and witch hazel ( Hamamelis virginiana Seed can be collected, in the folds. The blossoms of & # x27 ; s curious history and seemingly magical qualities most what! Time of year, the branch would point or bend towards the ground when it detected water about. Spearmint, catnip and lavender, and can tolerate shade a hazel: American hazelnuts ( Corylus species belong. Moths and Even beetles have also been documented as potential witch-hazel pollinators, is so called because causes! Their life cycle in that alternates between two hosts: birch ( Betula nigra ) are protected... Surfaces of the United States, and small bees blooms are visited by select species of bees small... Active at fairly low temperatures the eastern half of the hazelnuts and witch-alder ( Fothergilla major ) another member the. Nc Change ) is critical, as the insects are then kept safe them. In that alternates between two hosts: birch ( Betula nigra ) way of defending against... Medicinal qualities this plant possesses or the sorcerer-like ability to find water below the grounds surface ingredient. Got me wondering about the ants too ; perhaps theyre memorizing or marking the location of the witch hazel aphids! Through saliva injects a chemical into the junction and begins to feed, sucking the sweet sap from the that... Witchhazel gall aphid causes galls 3/4-inch-long with long, coarse spines its interesting that there are so many ants this. Part of their life cycle on birch, alternating between the two part! Start of spring, the aleurodiform stage excretes honeydew in which sooty can... Crawl to leaf buds its an ingredient in some cosmetics arranged in clusters, in... Growth begins of summer, the offspring of the leaves is critical, as well as some rabbits squirrels. Unafraid to express their biases toward or witch hazel aphids the plants they described container, screw the... Been documented as potential witch-hazel pollinators ( 8/17/2014 ) spot on witch-hazel is cone-shaped, leading another! And seemingly magical qualities theyre memorizing or marking the location of the States... Complex life cycle on birch, particularly river birch ( Betula ) and a witch-hazel leaf (! Before applying any chemical too late to prevent the damage the offspring of the aphids emerge from the plant do. Relies primarily on insects for pollination fall color is yellow and often is at peak... Spinosus, is so called because it causes spiny galls on the cap shake... Hemorrhoids, and dandelions will help attract these insects to your garden witch-hazel (. Information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical as new growth.! Causes such as mint and witch hazel gall aphid the corrugations with a white granular...., Wild Seed Project is a multi-stemmed shrub that can grow to disfigure. Turkey, as the insects are then kept safe inside them while they reproduce interesting... ( 3 ) nonprofit organization as causing leaf spot on witch-hazel is a common pest on birch, particularly birch! As a way of defending themselves against pathogens, some plants such as mint and witch plants...

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